单句语法填空
1．I struggled survival when I was trapped in the emergency.
2．From my point of view，success is related determination and patience.
3．I have trouble (guess) the meanings of some unfamiliar words based on contexts.
4．I (study) calligraphy since primary school.
5．In case of emergencies， (prepare) a first aid kit at home is necessary.
6．Honestly speaking，I don’t know how (enlarge) my vocabulary.
7．It depends whether you have a positive attitude or not.
8．Despite the fact that I am senior him by three years，he knows a lot more than me.
9．Would you mind (go) to the supermarket by subway？
10．Do you know the boy prefers taking part in a variety of activities?
答案: 1.for 2.to 3.guessing 4.have studied/have been studying 5.preparing 6.to enlarge 7.on/upon 8.to 9.going 10.who/that
题干:
(2024·山东烟台高一期中)
It’s often said that we human beings can dream in a foreign language.Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory? Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language?
Before we look at multilingual(多语言) dreams，first we need to look at sleep.The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language，including our native language.Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language.But，if we are going to remember that new word better，what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned.And in order to do that，we “need to have some sleep”，says Gareth Gaskell，a professor at the University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration(整合) of old and new knowledge happens.At night，one part of our brain—the hippocampus—takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored.The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied，but “it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams，the brain is trying to connect the two languages”，says Marc，a researcher at a university in Bern，Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to remember a new word or phrase.However，it could also have an emotional(情感) significance.Danuta，a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland，suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language，including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams，but one thing seems certain：if you’re trying to learn a new language，you can sleep on it.
Why does the author mention questions in paragraph 1?
解析:
推理判断题。根据第一段中的两个问题和第二段第二句“The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language，including our native language.(睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于我们如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语)”以及下文内容可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了介绍主题：睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言。故选B。
What is the key element in memorizing a new word according to the text?
解析:
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But，if we are going to remember that new word better，what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned.(但是，如果我们要更好地记住新词，重要的是我们需要把它和我们学过的东西联系起来)”可知，记忆新单词的关键要素是已经获得的知识，因为我们把新单词和所学过的东西联系起来才能记得更好。故选C。
What can we learn about multilingual dreams?
解析:
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Danuta...，suggests that multilingual dreams can express ‘fears or wishes’ around learning a foreign language，including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.(波兰西里西亚大学心理语言学教授达努塔认为，多语言梦可以表达围绕学习外语的‘恐惧或愿望’，包括希望成为一个说当地语言的人或被某个团体接受)”可知，多语言梦能反映语言学习的感受。故选B。
Where is the text most likely from?
解析:
文章出处题。根据倒数第二段讲到梦可以反映语言学习感受并结合全文内容可知，本文是一篇关于多语种梦境和语言学习之间的关系的文章，因此这篇文章最有可能来自一本杂志。故选D。
题干:
As we all know，children are fast learners when learning a second language.However，adults can study a second language as fast as children，a new study reports.Adults can develop the increased neural(神经的) connections with language study that can avoid dementia(痴呆) by four years，as well as make traveling a lot easier.
In an examination of Spanish second-language learners，the researchers found that after simplest training，the brain activity between sentences that relied on grammatical features unique to each language was similar to that of native speakers.“I think it is the reason why people think university foreign language teaching is good.It shows that，even with limited time in the college classroom，learning can happen quite quickly and well，” said professor Alison Gabriele，the co-author of the paper.
Beyond that，it gives parents more reasons to study a second language as part of a family effort.Further research has shown that learning a language as a family effort improves everyone’s abilities and gives opportunities for learning something that are mostly absent from classroom settings.National Geographic reports in an interview with Christine Jernigan，author of Family Language Learning：Learn Another Language，Raise Bilingual Children，that as for immersion(沉浸) in language study，practicing a second language with people is the most important part，and who talks to each other more than a family? Language learners need to be brave.Besides，they should ready themselves for making mistakes and receive others’ advice.
Most people will be far more comfortable making mistakes around family members than in a classroom setting.Furthermore，any home activity，whether that’s gardening，playing in the yard，watching movies，going shopping，cleaning，or cooking a meal，becomes an opportunity for language learning.Jernigan suggests preparing vocabulary before an activity and using it as short homework.Jernigan suggests using subtitles(字幕) too，so you can see which words are being used.
What does the new study in paragraph 1 find?
解析:
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“However，adults can study a second language as fast as children，a new study reports.(然而，一项新的研究报告称，成年人学习第二语言的速度和儿童一样快)”可知，第一段中的新研究发现成年人学习第二语言的速度可以和孩子一样快。故选C。
What does Alison Gabriele think of learning a language in the college classroom?
解析:
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“I think it is the reason...the co-author of the paper.(‘我认为这就是人们认为大学外语教学很好的原因。它表明，即使在大学课堂上的时间有限，学习也可以很快很好地进行。’该论文的合著者艾莉森·加布里埃尔教授说)”可知，艾莉森·加布里埃尔认为在大学课堂上学习一门语言是有成效的。故选B。
What is the advantage of learning a language as a family effort?
解析:
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Further research has shown that learning a language as a family effort improves everyone’s abilities and gives opportunities for learning something that are mostly absent from classroom settings.(进一步的研究表明，全家一起努力学习一门语言可以提高每个人的能力，并提供学习课堂场景上大多缺乏的东西的机会)”可知，和家人一起学习一门语言的好处是有更多的在其他场景下学习的机会。故选D。
What should language learners do according to the text?
解析:
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Besides，they should ready themselves for making mistakes and receive others’ advice.(此外，他们应该做好犯错的准备，也应该接受别人的建议)”可知，语言学习者应该准备接受别人的评价。故选C。
题干:
(2024·福建福州高一上期中)
Americans used the word “friend” in a very general way.They may call many connections friends.Americans 1 school friends，work friends，sports friends and neighborhood friends.These friendships are based 2 common interests.When the shared activity 3 ，the friendship may disappear.Now Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates.Their friendship has changed.In some 4 friendship means a strong lifelong bond between two people.In these cultures friendships develop 5 ，since they are built to last.American society is one of 6 changes.Studies show that one out of five American families 7 every year because they must change their jobs.The result is that American friendship develops 8 .People from the United States may 9 seem friendly.Americans often chat 10 with strangers.They exchange information about their families，hobbies and work.They may 11 warmly and say “Have a nice day” or “See you later”．Schoolmates may say，“Let’s get 12 sometime.” But American friendliness is not 13 an offer of true friendship.After an experience like Yaser’s，outsiders may consider Americans to be 14 .Learning how Americans view friendship can help non-Americans avoid(避免) misunderstanding.It can also help them make friends in the American 15 .
解析:
句意：美国人有学校的朋友，工作单位的朋友，一起运动的朋友，邻居朋友。hold抓住，持有；have有，据有；own拥有；share分享。根据前文可知，美国人使用朋友一词很普遍，他们可能会把与之相关的人(都)称为“朋友”，故此处指美国有很多朋友，表示有某种关系应用have，故选B。
解析:
句意：他们的友谊基于相同的兴趣。根据空后“common interests”可知，拥有共同爱好的人会成为朋友，故此处意为“基于相同的兴趣”，表达为be based on，故选A。
解析:
句意：当他们共同的活动结束了，他们的友谊也可能消失。begin开始；develop发展；end结束；continue继续。根据空后“the friendship may disappear.”可知，友谊消失是因为他们共同的活动结束了，故选C。
解析:
句意：在一些文化里，友谊即为两人之间一种强烈的，一世之久的情感。culture文化；city城市；school学校；place地方。根据后文可知，在这些文化中，友谊发展缓慢，故此处指在一些文化里，友谊即为两人之间一种强烈的，一世之久的情感，故选A。
解析:
句意：在这些文化里，友谊发展缓慢。fast快速地；soon马上，不久；slowly缓慢地；finally终于。根据空后“since they are built to last”可知，因为这些友谊要长期持续下去，故发展缓慢，故选C。
解析:
句意：美国是个急速变迁的社会。thick厚的；high高的；rapid快速的；large大的。根据后文可知，五分之一的美国人每年都会换工作，然后搬家，故此处指美国是个急速变迁的社会，故选C。
解析:
句意：研究表明，五分之一的美国人每年都会搬家，因为他们会换工作。move搬家；come来；do做；disappear消失。根据空后“because they must change their jobs”可知，因为他们换了工作，因此要搬家，故选A。
解析:
句意：结果就是，美国人的友谊发展迅速。poorly不够好地；hardly几乎不；strongly强烈地；quickly快速地。根据前文可知，五分之一的美国人每年都会换工作，然后搬家，因此他们的友谊发展迅速，故选D。
解析:
句意：起初，美国人似乎非常友好。at once立刻，马上；at first起初；at last最后；at all根本，全然。根据后文“They exchange information about their families，hobbies and work.”可知，他们会相互交换家庭、爱好和工作等相关信息，因此起初看起来似乎很友好，故选B。
解析:
句意：美国人很容易就和陌生人聊天。easily容易地；hard困难地；much多；fast快速地。根据后文“They exchange information about their families，hobbies and work.” 可知，他们会相互交换家庭、爱好和工作等相关信息，因此他们很容易就与陌生人聊天，故选A。
解析:
句意：他们会热情地微笑，说：“玩得愉快”或者“一会儿见”。smile微笑；laugh大笑；nod点头；greet打招呼。根据后文“warmly and say ‘Have a nice day’ or ‘See you later’．”可知，热情地微笑着说“玩得愉快”或者“一会儿见”，故选A。
解析:
句意：同学之间会说“改天聚聚”。there这里；over结束；away离开；together一起。根据前文可知，美国人会很热情地和对方聊天，在分别时，会说“下次再聚”，get together“聚一聚”，故选D。
解析:
句意：但是美国的友谊并不总是真正的友谊。always总是；any任何；just只，仅；only只有。根据前文“Americans used the word ‘friend’ in a very general way.”可知，美国人定义“朋友”很广，而且他们随着活动的结束，友谊也跟着结束，因此美国的友谊并不总是真正的友谊，故选A。
解析:
句意：在类似Yaser的经历后，外界可能认为美国人是善变的。loveable可爱的；suitable合适的；changeable善变的；reasonable合理的。根据前文可知，美国是一个快速变迁的社会，因此美国人会被认为是善变的，故选C。
解析:
句意：这也能帮助他们以美国人的方式交朋友。one一，某一类；way方式；people人；means方式。根据前文“Learning how Americans view friendship can help non-Americans avoid(避免) misunderstanding.”可知，了解美国人如何看待友谊能帮助非美国人避免误会，也能帮助他们以美国人的方式交朋友，故选B。